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Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi, also known as Allama Mashriqi, (25 August 1888 – 27 August 1963) was a Pakistani mathematician, logician, political theorist, Islamic scholar and the founder of the Khaksar movement. Mashriqi was a noted mathematical intellectual who became a college Principal at the age of 25, and then became an Under Secretary, at the age of 29, in the Education Department of the Government of India. He wrote an exegesis of the ''Qur'an'' which was nominated for the 1925 Nobel Prize. He was offered an ambassadorship to Afghanistan at age 32, but he declined all honours. He subsequently resigned government service and in 1930 founded the Khaksar Movement, aiming to advance the condition of the masses irrespective of any faith, sect, or religion.〔S. Shabbir Hussain, Al-Mashriqi: The Disowned Genius, Lahore, Jang Publishers, 1991〕 As its leader, he was imprisoned several times. Through his philosophical writings, he asserted that the science of religions was essentially the science of collective evolution of mankind. ==Education== Mashriqi had a passion for mathematics from his childhood.〔 He completed his master's degree in Mathematics from the University of the Punjab at the age of 19 and broke all previous records. In October 1907 he matriculated at Christ's College, Cambridge, England, to read for the mathematics tripos. He was awarded a college foundation scholarship in May 1908.〔''The Times'', 23 June 1908, page 12.〕 In June 1909 he was awarded first class honours in Mathematics Part I, being placed joint 27th out of 31 on the list of wranglers.〔''The Times'', 16 June 1909, page 9.〕 For the next two years, he read for the oriental languages tripos in parallel to the natural sciences tripos, gaining first class honours in the former and third class in the latter.〔''The Times'',17 June 1911, page 6.〕〔M. Aslam Malik,''Allama Inayatullah Mashraqi'', page 3.〕 After three years' residence at Cambridge he had qualified for his Bachelor of Arts degree, which he took in 1910. In 1912 he completed a fourth tripos in mechanical sciences, and was placed in the second class. Following the year, Mashriqi was conferred with DPhil in mathematics receiving a gold medal in his doctoral graduation ceremony.〔''The Times'', 13 June 1912, page 7〕 He left Cambridge and returned to India in December 1912.〔M. Aslam Malik,''Allama Inayatullah Mashraqi'', page 4.〕 During his stay in Cambridge his religious and scientific conviction was inspired by the works and concepts of the professor Sir James Jeans.〔S. Shabbir Hussain (ed.), God, Man, and Universe, Akhuwat Publications, Rawalpindi, 1980〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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